DEPUIS 30 ANS

 

 

1) sites de vulgarisation :
 

le livre : Ces ondes qui tuent, ces ondes qui soignent, coll. Espaces Libres, Albin Michel, dans lequel Jean-Pierre et Laurence Lentin dressent le bilan des connaissances actuelles.

http://www.nouvellescles.com/Entretien/Lentin/Lentin.htm
Références :

- JP. Lentin : « ces ondes qui tuent, ces ondes qui soignent », éditions Albin Michel, 2001

- Pool R., « Electromagnetic fields : the biological evidence », in Science, 1990, 249: 1378-1381.

- C.W. Smith : « Les risques dus à l’exposition aux champs électriques et magnétiques 50 Hertz. » : (Université de Salford, Grande-Bretagne), Pierre Le Ruz (Expert rayonnements non ionisants), Jean-Louis Mercier Roger Santini (Expert pharmaco-toxicologue), Jean-Marie Danze (Consultant scientifique et technique).

appréciation du docteur Dr Glöckler

http://www.golf-events.ch/PagesConseilsMedecin/48PpMedecin.html
 
 

2) bibliographie

 

Thèses médicales : - «La thérapeutique par champs magnétiques pulsés dans les tendinopathies calcifiantes en en kinésithérapie libérale », Thèse de doctorat en médecine, Dr Erick OUDARD, Faculté de médecine de Rennes, 29 novembre 1995.

- « La thérapeutique par champs magnétiques pulsés dans les affections articulaires inflammatoires », Thèse de doctorat en médecine, Dr Martine GOUESLARD, Faculté de médecine de Rennes, 29 novembre 1995.

- « La thérapeutique par champs magnétiques pulsés dans les hernies discales en kinésithérapie libérale », Thèse de doctorat en médecine, Dr Sylvie BARBOTTIN, 18 juin 1996.

Santini R. "Notre Santé face aux champs électriques et magnétiques". Sully Publ., Gordes, 1995.

Bastide M, A.Lagache, C.Lemaire-Misonne, "Le paradigme des signifiants: schème d'information applicable à l'Immunologie et à l'Homéopathie", Revue Intern. Systémique, 9, pp 237-249, 1995.a

Changeux P. (1983), L'Homme Neuronal., Fayard, Paris.
 
 

- Parmi des centaines de publications scientifiques citons :

 

Pour la dépression : MT. Kikcaldie et coll. : « Transcanial magnetic stimulation as therapy for depression and others disorders”, Australian N.Z. Journal of Psychiatry, 31 (2), pages 264-272, avril 1997. R. Sandyk et coll. : « Magnetic felds and seasonality of affective illness : implications for therapy”, International Journal of Neuroscience, 58 (3-4), pages 261-267, juin 1991.

 

Pour la maladie de Alzheimer : R. Sandyk : « Alzheimer’s disease : improvement of visual memory and visuoconstructive perfotmance treatment with Picostela rage magnetic fields”, International Journal of Neuroscience, 76 (3-4), pages 185-225, juin 1994.

 

Pour les insomnies: C. Guilleminault ET b; Pasche : “clinical effects of low energy emission therapy”, Bioelectronics society, 15th annual meetings, 13-17 juin 1993, Los Angeles.

 

Pour la maladie de Parkinson : R. Sandyk : « brief communication : electromagnetic fields improve visuospatial performance and reverse agraphia in a Parkinsonian patient » International Journal of Neuroscience, 87 (3-4), pages 209-217, novembre 1996; « Reversal of visospatial deficit in Parkinson’s disease apllication of external magnetic fields : a report of five cases”, International Journal of Neuroscience, 75 (3-4), pages 213-228, avril 1994.

 

Pour la pseudarthrose : J.S Kort et CA Bassett : Pseudarthrosis, treatment with pulsing electromagnetics fields, divers publications dans Clinic orthopedics, mai 1977 ; janvier 1981; mai 1982.

 

Pour l’ostéoporose : F Tabrah et coll. : « Bone density changes in osteoporosis-prone women exposed to pulsed electromagnetics fields » ; Journal of Bone Miner Research, 5 (5), pages 437-442, mai 1990. T.X Bilotta et coll : Influence of pulsed electromagnetics fields on post-menopausal osteoporosis”; Congress for elctricity and magnetism in biology and medecine, juin 1992.

 

Pour l’ostéonécrose : M. Hinsenkamp et coll. : « preliminary results in elctromagnetic field treatment of osteonecrosis”, Bioelectrochem Bioenergy, page 229-236, 1993.

 

Pour l’ostéoarthrite : DH. Trock, « The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields in the treatment of osteoarthitis of the knee and cervical spine. Report of randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trials”; Journal of Rheumatology, 21 (10), p 1903-1911, 1994.

 

Pour la sclérose en plaques : A gueso : “Pulsing electromagnetic field therapy of multiple sclerosis the gyulling-bordacs device. Double-blind, cross-over and open studies”, Journal of Bioelectronic, 6 (1), pages 23-35, 1987.

 

Pour les affections prostatiques : Urology Clinic FN Hradec Kralove by P. Navratil, M.D., I. Novak, M.D., R. Sistek, M.D.

 

 

Recherches cliniques

 

Plusieurs études ont été faites sur les animaux et les humains sur une grande variété de conditions.

Accidents vasculaires cérébraux : Grant 1994

Arthrose : Barovic, J., Bollet 1993, Jacobson et coll., 2001., Lee, J.C.et coll. 2004, Nikolakis et coll., 2002, Menkès et Perrot 1998, Pipitone N. et D.L. Scott, 2001, Trock et coll., 1993, Trock et coll., 1994 , Turk, Z. et coll, 2001 , Van Steenbrugghe et coll., 1988

• Arthrite rhumatoïde : Ganguly et coll. 1998, Thomas 2001

Consolidation osseuse : Adams 1992, Barker et coll., 1984, Betti et coll, 1997, Borsalino 1988, Capanna et coll. 1994, De Haas 1986, Mooney 1990, Sharrard, 1990

Douleur : Hershler 1999, Pujol et coll. 1998, Weintraub et Cole 2004.

Guérison des tissus mous, plaies et ulcères : Detlays 1996, Goldin, 1981, Ieran et coll., 1987 et 1990, Kenkre et coll., 1996, Kloth et coll., 1999, Lee 1997, Lin 1992, Ottani 1988, Patino 1996, Robotti 1999, Salzberg et coll., 1995, Sarma et coll., 1997, Stiller et coll., 1992, Todd et coll. 1991, Wilson 1972

Inflammation : Mizushima 1975

Lésions spinales : Tkach 1989

Maladie de Legg Perthès : Harrison 1984

Nécrose cellulaire : Cadossi 1997

Nécrose avasculaire de la tête fémorale : Aaron 1989, Bassett 1993

Oedème : Fisher 1987, Bentall et coll. 1975, Pennington et coll., 1993

Ostéoporose : Bilotta, T.W. et coll., 1992, Chang 2003, Hinsenkamp 1993, Mishima 1988

Ostéotomie : Basset 1974, Inoue 2002

Parkinson : Sandyk 1992 et 1996, Shimamoto et coll. 2001

Régénération nerveuse : Ito 1983, Kanje 1993, Kort 1980, Meissl 1979, Orgel 1984, Raji 1983 et 1984, Sisken 1990, Walker 1994, Wilson 1976, Zienowicz 1991

Sclérose en plaque : Guseo, 1987, Lappin et coll. 2003, Nielsen et coll. 1996, Richards et coll. 1997

Synovites : Weinberger 1996

Thromboses : Gorczynska 1988

 

Résultats d'études cliniques randomisées à double-insu avec des résultats positifs

 

 

Atteintes traitées
Sources
Acouphène

Roland et coll., 1993

Arthrose

Barovic, J.

Bollet 1993

Faensen et Breul 2001

Jacobson et coll., 2001.

Menkés et Perrot 1998

Nikolakis et coll., 2002

Pipitone N. et D.L. Scott, 2001

Trock et coll., 1993

Trock et coll., 1994

Turk, Z. et coll, 2001

Van Steenbrugghe et coll., 1988 (N.B. effet positif seulement pour la région cervicale)

Arthrodèse
  • Dhawan 2004
Calcification à l'épaule
  • Dal Conte et coll., 1990

Cervicalgie chronique

Foley-Nolan et coll., 1990

Consolidation osseuse

Barker et coll., 1984

Betti et coll, 1997

Borsalino 1988

Sharrard, 1990

Croissance osseuse dans la maladie de Charcot

  • Hanf et coll. 1998
Douleur myofasciale
  • Smania et coll., 2003

Oedème et contusion post chirurgicale ou traumatique

  • Bentall et coll. 1975
  • Pennington et coll., 1993
  • Pilla 1997

Diminution des symptômes post discoïdectomie

  • Perjes, K. et coll. 1987
Entorse de la cheville
  • Pilla et Kloth, 1997
  • Wilson, 1972
Greffe osseuse

Capanna et coll. 1994

Mooney 1990

Insomnie
  • Pelka et coll. 2001

Lésions spinales (traitement de la spasticité)

  • Krause et coll. 2004
Lombalgie chronique
  • Zucco et Orlandi, 1985

Migraine et céphalée

Gruner et coll. 1985

Pelka et coll. 2001

Sherman 1999

Ostéoporose
  • Bilotta, T.W. et coll., 1992
Parkinson
  • Shimamoto et coll. 2001

Périarthrite épaule

Leclaire et Bourquin, 1991

Plaies et ulcères

Feedar et coll. 1991

Goldin, 1981

Ieran et coll., 1987 et 1990

Kenkre et coll., 1996

Kloth et coll., 1999

Salzberg et coll., 1995

Sarma et coll., 1997

Stiller et coll., 1992

Todd et coll. 1991

Prothèses totales de hanche

  • Gualtieri et coll. 1997
Radiculopathie
  • Thuile et Walzl 2002

Sclérose en plaques

Guseo, 1987

Lappin et coll. 2003

Nielsen et coll. 1996

Richards et coll. 1997

Tendinopathie de la coiffe des rotateurs

Binder et coll., 1984

Whiplash

Foley-Nolan et coll., 1992

 
 
 
Bibliographie

Aaron, R.K. et coll. : "The conservative treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head : a comparison of Core decompression and pulsing electromagnetic fields", 35e Annual Meeting, Orthopaedic Research Society, Las Vegas (Nevada), 6-9 février 1989.

Adams, B.D. : "Treatment of scaphoid nonunion with casting and pulsed electromagnetic fields : a study continuation", J Hand Surg, 17 : 910-914, 1992.

Adey, W.R. : "Physiological signalling across cell membranes and cooperative influences of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields", dans Frohlich, H, ed. Biological coherence and response to external stimuli, Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1988 : 164-167.

Agence d'évaluation des technologies et des modes d'intervention en santé (AÉTMIS) : Thérapie du signal pulsé et traitement de l'ostéoarthrite. Rapport préparé par Alicia Framarin. (AÉTMIS 01-02 RF). Montréal : AÉTMIS, 2001, xiii-33 p.

Auquier, et coll. : "La magnétothérapie : La valeur scientifique et les applications", Kinésithérapie Scientifique, 307 : 15-18, 1991.

Barker, A.T. et coll. : "Pulsed magnetic field therapy for tibial non-union. Interim results of a double-blind trial", Lancet, 5 : 994-996, 1984.

Barovic, J. : "Double blind study of pulsed magnetic field therapy of osteoarthritis of the knee", department of physiotherapy, Academic Hospital of Marburg/Drau.

Bassett, C.A.L. et coll. :"Augmentation of Bone Repair by Inductively Coupled Electromagnetic Fields", Science, 134 : 575, 1974.

Bassett, C.A.L. et coll. : "Pulsing electromagnetic field treatment in ununited fractures and failed arthrodeses", JAMA, 247 : 623-628, 1982.

Bassett, C.A.L. : "Beneficial effects of electromagnetic fields", J Cell Biochem, 51 : 387-393, 1993.

Becker, R.O. « Treatment of soft tissue injuries by pulsed electrical energy », Br S Med, 2 : 269-70, 1972.

Bentall, R.H.C. et H.B. Eckstein : "A Trial Involving the Use of Pulsed Electro-Magnetic Therapy on Children Undergoing Orchidopexy", Z. Kinderchir, 17 : 380-389, 1975.

Betti, E. et coll. : "Effect of Electromagnetic Field Stimulation on Fractures of the Femoral Neck. A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Study,", Second World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine, 8-13 Juin 1997, Bologna, Italie.

Bilotta, T.W. et coll. : "L'ostéoporose postménopausique et la stimulation électromagnétique pulsée", 1ier Congrès International sur l'Électricité et le Magnétisme en Biologie et en Médecine, Orlando, Floride, 1992.

Binder, A. et coll. : "Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy of persistent rotator cuff tendonitis: a double-blind controlled assessment", Lancet 1: 695-698, 1984.

Bollet, A.J. : "Treatment of Osteoarthritis with Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields", European Bioelectromagnetics Association, 2nd Congress, Bled Slovenia, p. 46.9-11 Décembre 1993

Borsalino, G. et coll., "Electrical Stimulation of Human Femoral Intertrochanteric Osteotomies. Double-Blind Study," Clin Orthop, 237 : 256-263, 1988.

British Columbia Office of Health Technology Assessment Workers’ Compensation Board of British Columbia : "Pulsed Signal Therapy for Musculoskeletal Conditions", Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, Décembre 2001.

Cadossi, R. : "Protective Effect of Electromagnetic Field Exposure on Acute Soft Tissue Ischaemic Injury," Second World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine, Bologna, Italy, 8-13 June 1997.

Capanna, R. et coll. : " Effect of electromagnetic fields on patients undergoing massive bone graft following bone tumor resection. A double blind study ", Clin. Orthop.: 213-221, 1994.

Chang, K. et W.H. Chang : "Pulsed electromagnetic fields prevent osteoporosis in an ovariectomized female rat model : a prostaglandin E2-associated process", Bioelectromagnetics, 24 : 189-198, 2003.

Dal Conte, G., Rivolini, P. et F. Combi: "Treatment of calcified periarthritis of the shoulder with pulsating magnetic fields: a controlled study", La Riabilitazione, 23 : 27-33, 1990.

Dhawan, S.K. et coll. : "The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on hindfoot arthrodesis: a prospective study", J Foot Ankle Surg, 43 : 93-96, 2004

De Haas, W.G. et coll. : "The Canadian experience with pulsed magnetic fields in the treatment of ununited tibial fractures", Clin Orthop Rel Res, 208 : 55-58, 1986.

Detlavs et coll. : "Experimental study of the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on animals with soft tissue wounds, The Science of the Total Environment, 180 : 35-42, 1996.

Devereaux, M.D. et coll. : "Chronic lateral humeral epicondylitis--a double-blind controlled assessment of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy", Clin Exp Rheumatol, 3 : 333-336, 1985.

Ding, Y. et coll. : « ATP, P2X receptors and pain pathways », J Auton Nerv Syst, 81 : 289-294, 2000.

Di Virgillo, F. « Dr. Jekyll/Mr. Hyde: the dual role of extracellular ATP », J Auton Nerve Syst, 81 : 59-63, 2000.

Faensen M, Breul R (2001) Multi-center-studie zum wirksamkeitsnachweis der PST Pulsierende Signal Therapie bei der behandlung von gonarthrosen [Multi-Center Study of the Effectiveness of PST (Pulsed Signal Therapy) in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee]. Orthopädische Praxis. 1(XI).

Feedar, J.A., Kloth, L.C., Gentzkow, G.D. : "Chronic dermal ulcer healing enhanced with monophasic pulsed electrical stimulation", Phys Ther, 71 : 639-649, 1991.

Ferguson, D.R. et coll. : « ATP is released from rabbit urinary bladder epithelial cells by hydrostatic pressure changes- a possible sensory mechanism », J Physiol, 505 : 503-511, 1997

Fischer, G. et coll. : "Effect of an alternating magnetic field on the development of carrageenan paw edema in the rat - Article in German", Med Klin, 82(17) : 566-570, 1987.

Flemming, K. et N. Cullum N : "Electromagnetic therapy for treating pressure sores", The Cochrane Library, Issue 3, Oxford, 2003.

Flemming, K. et N. Cullum N : "Electromagnetic therapy for treating venous leg ulcers", The Cochrane Library, Issue 3, Oxford, 2003.

Foley-Nolan D. et coll. : "Low energy high frequency pulsed electromagnetic therapy for acute whiplash injuries. A double blind randomized controlled study", Scan. J. Rehab. Med., 24 : 51-59, 1992.

Foley-Nolan D. et coll. : "Pulsed high frequency (27MHz) electromagnetic therapy for persistent neck pain. A double blind, placebo-controlled study of 20 patients", Orthopedics, 13 : 445-451, 1990.

Foulds, I.S. et Barker : « Human skin battery potentials and their possible role in wound healing », Br J Dermatol, 109 : 512-522, 1983.

Ganguly, K.S. et coll. : "A study of the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy with respect to serological grouping in rheumatoid arthritis", J Indian Med Assoc, 96 : 272-275, 1998.

Gualtieri, G. et coll. : "The Effect Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Stimulation on Patients Treated of Hip Revisions with Trans-Femoral Approach", Second World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine, 8-13 Juin 1997, Bologne, Italie.

Goldin, J. : "The effects of Diapulse on the healing of wounds: A double-blind randomised controlled trial in man", British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 34:267-270, 1981.

Gorczynska, E. : "Fibrinolytical processes in rabbits activated by the magnetic field", J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol, 32(4) : 391-396, 1988.

Grant, G. : "Protection Against Focal Cerebral Ischemia Following Exposure to a Pulsed Electromagnetic Field", Bioelectromagnetics, 15(3) : 205-216, 1994.

Grunner, O. et al., "Cerebral Use of a Pulsating Magnetic Field in Neuropsychiatry Patients with Long-term Headache," EEG EMG Z Elektroenzephalogr Verwandte Geb, 16 : 227-230, 1985.

Guerkov, H.H. et coll. : "Pulsed electromagnetic fields increase growth factor release by nonunion cells", Clin Orthop, 384 : 265-279, 2001.

Guseo, A. : "Pulsing Electromagnetic Field Therapy of Multiple Sclerosis the Gyuling-Bordacs Device: Double-Blind, Cross-Over and Open Studies", Journal of Bioelectr, 6 : 23-35, 1987.

Hanft, J.R. et coll. : "The role of combined magnetic field bone growth stimulation as an adjunct in the treatment of neuroarthropathy/Charcot joint : an expanded pilot study", J Foot Ankle Surg, 37 : 510-515, 1998.

Harrison, M.J.M. et C.A.L. Basset : "Use of pulsed electromagnetic fields in Perthes disease : report of a pilot study", J Paed Orthop, 4 : 579-584, 1984.

Hershler, C. et A. Sjaus : "Pulsed signal therapy: treatment of chronic pain due to traumatic soft tissue injury", Int Med J, 6 : 167-173, 1999.

Hinsenkamp, M. : "Preliminary Results in Electromagnetic Field Treatment of Osteonecrosis", Bioelectrochem Bioenerg, 30 : 229-236, 1993.

Hulme J. et coll. : "Electromagnetic fields for the treatment of osteoarthritis", The Cochrane Library, Issue 3, Oxford, 2003.

Ieran, M. et coll. : "PEMF stimulation of low frequency pulsing EMFs on skin ulcers of venous origin in humans: preliminary report of a double blind study", Journal of Bioelectricity, 6 : 181-188, 1987.

Ieran, M. et coll. : "Effect of low frequency pulsing EMFs on skin ulcers of venous origin in humans: a double-blind study", J Orthop Res, 8 : 276-282, 1990.

Inoue, N. et coll. : "Effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) on late-phase osteotomy gap healing in a canine tibial model", J Orthop Res, 20 : 1106-1114, 2002.

Ito, H. et C.A. Bassett : "Effect of Weak, Pulsing Electromagnetic Fields on Neural Regeneration in the Rat", Clin Orthop, 181, 283-290, 1983.

Jacobson, J.I. et coll. : " Low-amplitude, extremely low frequency magnetic fields for the treatment of osteoarthritic knees: a double-blind clinical study", Altern Ther Health Med, 7 (5) : 54-64, 66-69, 2001.

Jerabek, J. et W. Pawluk : Magnetic Therapy : In Eastern Europe, A review of 30 years of research, Publié par William Pawluk, Rancocas, NJ, USA, 1998.

Jorgensen, W.A. et coll. : "Electrochemical therapy of pelvic pain : effects of PEMF on tissue trauma", Eur J Surg, Suppl. 574 : 83-86, 1994.

Kanje, M. et coll. : "Pretreatment of rats with pulsed EMFs enhances regeneration of the sciatic nerve", Bioelectromagnetics, 14(4) : 353-359, 1993.

Kenkre, J.E., et coll. : "A randomized controlled trial of electromagnetic therapy in the primary care management of venous leg ulceration", Fam Pract, 13 : 236-241, 1996.

Kennedy, C. : « The discovery and development of P2 receptor subtypes », J Auton Nerv Syst, 81 : 158-163, 2000

Kloth, L.C. et coll. : "Effect of Pulsed Radio Frequency Stimulation on Wound Healing: A Double-Blind Pilot Clinical Study", in "Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine", Bersani F, ed, Plenum, New York, pp. 875-878, 1999.

Kloth, L.C. et J.M. McCulloch : « Promotion of wound healing with electrical stimulation », Adv Wound Healling, 9 : 42-45, 1996.

Kort, J., Ito, H. et Basset, C.A.L. "Effects of pulsing electromagnetic fields on peripheral nerve regeneration", J Bone Jt Sug Orthop Trans, 4: 238, 1980

Krause, P., Edrich, T. et A. Straube : "Lumbar repetitive magnetic stimulation reduces spastic tone increase of the lower limbs", Spinal Cord, 42 : 67-72, 2004.

Lai H, Carino MA, Morita A, Guy AW. : "Effects of a 60 Hz magnetic field on central cholinergic systems of the rat", Bioelectromagnetics, 14 : 5–15, 1993.

Lappin M.S. et coll. : "Effects of a pulsed electromagnetic therapy on multiple sclerosis fatigue and quality of life: a double-blind, placebo controlled trial", Altern Ther Health Med., 9(4) : 38-48, 2003.

Leclaire, P. et J. Bourguin : "Electromagnetic treatment of shoulder periarthritis: a randomized controlled trial of the efficiency and tollerance of magnetotherapy". Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 72: 284-287, 1991.

Lee, E.W. et coll. : "Pulsed magnetic and electromagnetic fields in experimental achilles tendonitis in the rat: a prospective randomized study", Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 78(4) : 399-404, 1997.

Lee, J.C. et coll. : "Effect of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis. Report of Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized Trial", J Korean Rheum Assoc, 11 : 143-150, 2004.

Lin, Y. et coll. : "Effects of pulsing EMFs on the ligament healing in rabbits", J Vet Med Sci, 54(5) : 1017-1022, 1992.

Liu, H. et coll. : "Pulsed electromagnetic fields influence hyaline caartilage extracellular matrix composition without affecting molecular structure", Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 4 : 63-76, 1996.

Low, J. et A. Reed : "Electromagnetic fields: shortwave diathermy, pulsed electromagnetic energy and magnetic therapies", dans : Low J, Reed A. Electrotherapy explained: principles and practice, 2ième éd. Boston (MA): Butterworth-Heinemann, p. 239-278, 1994.

Lyskov, E.B. et coll. : "Effects of 45 Hz magnetic fields on the functional state of the human brain", Bioelectromagnetics, 14 : 87–95, 1993.

MacGinitie, L.A., Gluzbank, Y.A. et Grodzinski, A.J. : "Electric Field Stimulation can Increase Protein Synthesis in Articular Cartilage Explants", J Orthop Res, 12: 151-60, 1994.

McCaig, C.D. et A.M. Rajniczek : "Electrical fields, nerve growth and nerve regeneration", Exp Physiol, 76 : 473–494, 1991.

Markoll, R. et coll. : "Pulsed Signal Therapy®: An overview", APLAR Journal of Rheumatology, 6 : 89100, 2003.

Mayvoritz et Larsen, Wounds, 4(5) : 197-202, 1995 et Wounds, 7(3):90-93, 1993.

Menkès, C.J. et S. Perrot : "Étude de vérification de l'efficacité antalgique des champs électromagnétiques pulsés (PST) dans la gonarthrose. Rapport clinique et statistique", 2e version du 6 avril 1998. BioMagnetic Therapy Systems Inc. ; 1200, Clint Moore Rd., Bureau 14, Boca Raton (Floride).

Meissl, G. : "Nerve regeneration by means of the effect of an intermittent EMF: Experimental study on a rabbit - Article in German", Handchirurgie, 11(1) : 31-35, 1979.

Mishima, S. : "The Effect of Long-term Pulsing Electromagnetic Field Stimulation on Experimental Osteoporosis of Rats", Sangyo Ika Daigaku Zasshi, 10(1) : 31-45, 1988.

Mizushima, Y. et coll. : "Effects of Magnetic Field on Inflammation," Experientia, 31(12) : 1411-1412, 1975.

Mooney, V. : "A randomized double-blind prospective study of the efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic fields for interbody lumbar fusions", Spine, 15 : 708-712, 1990.

Nicolakis P. et coll. : "Pulsed magnetic field therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee--a double-blind sham-controlled trial", Wien Klin Wochenschr., 114 (15-16) : 678-684, 2002.

Nielsen, J.F. et coll. : "Treatment of spasticity with repetitive magnetic stimulation; a double-blind placebo-controlled study", Mult Scler, 2 : 227-232, 1996.

Nordenström, B.E.W. : Biologically Closed Electric Circuits », Nordic Medical Publications, Arsenalsgatan 4, Stockholm, Suède 1983

Orgel, M.G. et coll. : "Pulsing EMF therapy in nerve regeneration: an experimental study in the cat", Plast Reconstr Surg, 73(2) : 173-183, 1984.

Ostrom, R.S. et coll. : « Cellular release of and response to ATP as key determinants of the set-point of signal transduction pathways », J Biol Chem, 275 : 11735-11739, 2000.

Ottani, V. et coll. : "Effects of pulsed extremely-low-frequency magnetic fields on skin wounds in the rat", Bioelectromagnetics, 9(1):53-62, 1988

Patino, O. : "Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in Experimental Cutaneous Wound Healing in Rats", Journal of Burn Care Rehabil, 17 (6 PT 1) : 528-531, 1996.

Pelka, R.B. et coll. : "Pulsed Magnetic Field Therapy For Insomnia: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study", Adv Ther, 18(4) : 174-180, 2001.

Pelleg A, Porters : « The pharmacology of adenosine », Pharmacotherapy, 10 : 157-174, 1990

Pennington, G.M. et coll. : "Pulsed, non-thermal, highfrequency electromagnetic energy (DIAPULSE) in the treatment of grade I and grade II ankle sprains", Mil Med, 158 : 101-104, 1993.

Perjes, K. et coll. : "Effect of Magnetotherapy on Recovery After Herniated Disk Surgery", Hungarian Symposium on Magnetotherapy, 2ième Symposium, Szekesfehervar, Hongrie, 159-162, 1987.

Peroz, I. et coll. : "A multicenter clinical trial on the use of pulsed electromagnetic fields in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders", J Prosthet Dent, 91 : 180-187, 2004.

Pickering, S.A. et coll. : "Electromagnetic augmentation of antibiotic efficacy in infection of orthopaedic implants", J Bone Joint Surg Br, 85 : 588-593, 2003.

Pilla, A.A. et L. Kloth, "Effect of Pulsed Radio Frequency Therapy on Edema in Ankle Sprains: A Multisite Double-Blind Clinical Study," Second World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine, 8-13 Juin 1997, Bologna, Italie, p. 300.

Pipitone N. et D.L. Scott : "Magnetic pulse treatment for knee osteoarthritis : a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study", Curr Med Res Opin, 17(3) : 190-196, 2001.

Pujol, J. et coll. : "The effect of repetitive magnetic stimulation on localized musculo-skeletal pain", Neuroreport, 9 : 1745-1748, 1998.

Quittan, M., et coll. : "Clinical effectiveness of magnetic field therapy--a review of the literature", Article in German, Acta Med Austriaca, 27 : 61-68, 2000.

Raji, A.R.et R.E. Bowden : "Effects of High-peak Pulsed Electromagnetic Field on the Degeneration and Regeneration of the Common Peroneal Nerve in Rats", Journal of Bone Joint Surg, 65(4) : 478-492, 1983.

Raji, A.R. : "An Experimental Study of the Effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (Diapulse) on Nerve Repair", Journal of Hand Surg, 9(2) : 105-112, 1984.

Richard, L. : Effect in vivo des champs électromagnétiques de faible intensité produits par l'appareil Bio-Stim sur le système immunitaire de 3 sujets volontaires normaux", 1998.

Richards, T.L. et coll : " Double-blind study of pulsing magnetic

field effects on multiple sclerosis ", Altern Complement Med, 3 (1) : 21-29, 1997.

Robotti, E.J. et coll. : "The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on flexor tendon healing in chickens, Hand Surg [Br], 24(1) : 56-58, 1999.

Roland N.J. et coll. : PRS, 105 (4), p. 1371-1374, 2000.

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